Acting now for a better Europe: Commission brings forward its 2009 work programme
The European Commission has adopted today its 2009 Legislative and Work Programme which announces the main initiatives it intends to present next year. In 2009, the Commission will follow up on the initiatives launched in recent weeks to address the financial crisis and to set out a European framework to address the economic downturn. At the same time, the Commission will use the final year of its mandate to complete the work already under way. [Europa]
11/7/08
Music News Bulletin - 07/11/08
Collaborative music site MixMatchMusic seeks first institutional round November 4, 2008
"Two months after its official launch, collaborative music platform developer MixMatchMusic Ltd. is seeking a first round of venture funding of up to $3 million. According to founding CEO Charles Feinn, the company has begun meeting with VCs but hasn't received any term sheets yet. The startup has three full-time employees and has been subsisting on a friends-and-family round since being formed last year. (The company was among several that presented at last month's SanFran MusicTech Summit, an event I wrote about here.)" [TheDeal]
Sony and Bertelsmann End Their Partnership in Music
Sony and Bertelsmann said on Tuesday they would unravel their joint venture in music, ending a four-year partnership that has generated more dissonance than harmony. [OopsTime]
EMI announces restructuring plans 07/11/08
"Troubled music giant EMI will today announce major restructuring plans.
Elio Leoni-Sceti, chief executive of the company's recorded music division, will unveil the plans at a presentation to staff. The Italian Executive will announce that the business will be split into three distinct global units: new music, catalogue and music services, and with an increase in marketing resources, according to the Financial Times. The online music service EMI.com will launch this December." [Guardian]
In Defense Of Major Labels 3-11-08
"Sometimes you write something and it gets taken the wrong way. Last week, for instance, a post about EMI criticized the prevailing online consensus about the free-ness of music. Now, since the post didn't say anything about the many bad things major labels do, some thought that the post was taking the side of major labels and the RIAA. Not true, but fair enough. One of the problems with blogs as a platform is that they make it much easier to criticize things other people say than to offer a cohesive and nuanced position of your own. Here, then, is one take on the decline and fall of the music business and related issues (the RIAA, DMCA, downloading, layoffs, indie as a model, creative commons, etc.). The bottom line: everyone is going to have to accept that things are going to get a little worse." [Idolator]
Now That’s What They Called Synergy! 10 Years of Pooling Hit Singles 3/11/08
"In commemorating the first decade of the Now That’s What I Call Music! album series in the United States, Wednesday’s New York Times does a fine job running down the relevant stats: 29 volumes in the main series! 61 million in sales! 12 Britney Spears songs! But the piece fails to mention the core reason that the series—also celebrating a quarter-century in Britain, where it started—launched over here in the first place: the U.S. labels’ murder of the commercial single." [Idolator]
"Two months after its official launch, collaborative music platform developer MixMatchMusic Ltd. is seeking a first round of venture funding of up to $3 million. According to founding CEO Charles Feinn, the company has begun meeting with VCs but hasn't received any term sheets yet. The startup has three full-time employees and has been subsisting on a friends-and-family round since being formed last year. (The company was among several that presented at last month's SanFran MusicTech Summit, an event I wrote about here.)" [TheDeal]
Sony and Bertelsmann End Their Partnership in Music
Sony and Bertelsmann said on Tuesday they would unravel their joint venture in music, ending a four-year partnership that has generated more dissonance than harmony. [OopsTime]
EMI announces restructuring plans 07/11/08
"Troubled music giant EMI will today announce major restructuring plans.
Elio Leoni-Sceti, chief executive of the company's recorded music division, will unveil the plans at a presentation to staff. The Italian Executive will announce that the business will be split into three distinct global units: new music, catalogue and music services, and with an increase in marketing resources, according to the Financial Times. The online music service EMI.com will launch this December." [Guardian]
In Defense Of Major Labels 3-11-08
"Sometimes you write something and it gets taken the wrong way. Last week, for instance, a post about EMI criticized the prevailing online consensus about the free-ness of music. Now, since the post didn't say anything about the many bad things major labels do, some thought that the post was taking the side of major labels and the RIAA. Not true, but fair enough. One of the problems with blogs as a platform is that they make it much easier to criticize things other people say than to offer a cohesive and nuanced position of your own. Here, then, is one take on the decline and fall of the music business and related issues (the RIAA, DMCA, downloading, layoffs, indie as a model, creative commons, etc.). The bottom line: everyone is going to have to accept that things are going to get a little worse." [Idolator]
Now That’s What They Called Synergy! 10 Years of Pooling Hit Singles 3/11/08
"In commemorating the first decade of the Now That’s What I Call Music! album series in the United States, Wednesday’s New York Times does a fine job running down the relevant stats: 29 volumes in the main series! 61 million in sales! 12 Britney Spears songs! But the piece fails to mention the core reason that the series—also celebrating a quarter-century in Britain, where it started—launched over here in the first place: the U.S. labels’ murder of the commercial single." [Idolator]
11/5/08
EU Public Affairs Monitor - 05/11/08
Italian court blocks web blocking
"An Italian appeals court has overturned a preliminary ruling by an investigating magistrate that ordered ISPs to block access to the controversial Bittorrent site The Pirate Bay. The
11/3/08
Music News Bulletin - 03/11/08
Warners wants it all
"Edgar Bronfman, the man who is - let's say - in charge of Warners Music Group, has announced that in future they'll only be interested in signing 360 degree deals with artists.
You can see why this might be appealing to Warners - after all, their core business, the one in which they have expertise, isn't doing as well nowadays. But where would be the value for an artist, when looking for a 360 degree deal, in signing with a company whose expertise lays in the bit that isn't doing as well nowadays?" [XRRF]
LaLa tries again, October 21, 2008
"Remember La La? No, not the one who hung out with Dipsy and Po, the CD-swapping service? It's not a CD-swapping service any more: it's reinvented itself as, erm, something else.
Now, you can copy your music to an online locker, and it will stream you songs that are a bit like the ones you already own. For free, unless you listen more than once. But if you do listen more than once, the ten cents you pay for each play can be set against the price of buying an mp3 file if you decide to keep it. Or something like that. But only one ten cent." [XRRF]
SFR launches all-you-can-eat MP3 download service, November 3rd, 2008
"French mobile operator SFR is the latest company to launch an all-you-can-eat music subscription service, and this one’s DRM-free.
However, you’d be hard-pressed to describe it as `unlimited’, as its catalogue only contains a few thousand tracks from Universal Music Group artists in three genres, and only 60,000 people will be allowed to sign up.
The cost will be bundled into mobile tariffs, with the cheapest costing €22.90 a month. It’s dual-download - users get AACs for their phone, and MP3s for their computer. “This is a way for us to see how consumers react to DRM-free offers,” says a spokesperson. “We are not giving away Universal’s catalog.”" [MusicAlly]
"Edgar Bronfman, the man who is - let's say - in charge of Warners Music Group, has announced that in future they'll only be interested in signing 360 degree deals with artists.
You can see why this might be appealing to Warners - after all, their core business, the one in which they have expertise, isn't doing as well nowadays. But where would be the value for an artist, when looking for a 360 degree deal, in signing with a company whose expertise lays in the bit that isn't doing as well nowadays?" [XRRF]
LaLa tries again, October 21, 2008
"Remember La La? No, not the one who hung out with Dipsy and Po, the CD-swapping service? It's not a CD-swapping service any more: it's reinvented itself as, erm, something else.
Now, you can copy your music to an online locker, and it will stream you songs that are a bit like the ones you already own. For free, unless you listen more than once. But if you do listen more than once, the ten cents you pay for each play can be set against the price of buying an mp3 file if you decide to keep it. Or something like that. But only one ten cent." [XRRF]
SFR launches all-you-can-eat MP3 download service, November 3rd, 2008
"French mobile operator SFR is the latest company to launch an all-you-can-eat music subscription service, and this one’s DRM-free.
However, you’d be hard-pressed to describe it as `unlimited’, as its catalogue only contains a few thousand tracks from Universal Music Group artists in three genres, and only 60,000 people will be allowed to sign up.
The cost will be bundled into mobile tariffs, with the cheapest costing €22.90 a month. It’s dual-download - users get AACs for their phone, and MP3s for their computer. “This is a way for us to see how consumers react to DRM-free offers,” says a spokesperson. “We are not giving away Universal’s catalog.”" [MusicAlly]
EU Commission: Competition - 03/11/08
EU executive backs film subsidies
"European film-makers likely to continue to enjoy tax breaks and grants through to 2012.
European cinema is set to receive a fresh batch of national funding over the coming years, after the European Commission said it wants to prolong until 2012 rules that allow member states to provide their film industries with tax incentives and grants. The decision to extend the rules beyond their current expiry date in 2009 is not yet final and may be affected by the findings of a five-week public consultation period, which runs through to 30 November. However, in statements made on 24 October, Neelie Kroes, the European commissioner for competition, and her colleague responsible for media, Viviane Reding, made clear that they believe film should continue to be exempted from some rules on state aid." [EuropeanVoice]
"European film-makers likely to continue to enjoy tax breaks and grants through to 2012.
European cinema is set to receive a fresh batch of national funding over the coming years, after the European Commission said it wants to prolong until 2012 rules that allow member states to provide their film industries with tax incentives and grants. The decision to extend the rules beyond their current expiry date in 2009 is not yet final and may be affected by the findings of a five-week public consultation period, which runs through to 30 November. However, in statements made on 24 October, Neelie Kroes, the European commissioner for competition, and her colleague responsible for media, Viviane Reding, made clear that they believe film should continue to be exempted from some rules on state aid." [EuropeanVoice]
Music News Bulletin - 03/11/08
Sony BMG posts loss
"Sony BMG lost $57m (£34.5m) in the three months to September 30, with sales down 11% year on year, parent company Sony Corp has announced. Sales and operating revenue at the major were $762m (£461.3m) for the quarter, down from $851m (£515.1m) in the same quarter in 2007. Sony said that the loss reflects the impact of lower revenue and re-structuring costs of $4m (£2.4m)" [Coolfer]
IMEEM DO DEAL WITH BEGGARS
"Music based social networking whatnot Imeem yesterday announced it had entered into a worldwide licensing and marketing partnership with the Beggars Group and Matador Records, which will see the addition of music and video from those labels and all their many imprints onto the Imeem service." [CMUDaily]
EMI MAKES DEAL WITH INMOTION
"EMI Music have cut a deal with InMotion Entertainment, a major US airport based entertainment retailer, to put their content into the company's PlayPoint Media Hotspot kiosks, a touch screen facility used by travellers to download MP3s ahead of boarding their flights. InMotion have a total of forty five of the machines at twenty of the largest US airports. Users need a credit card and their own portable player, of course, to use the download platform, which will retail albums at a cost of $11.99." [CMUDaily]
"Sony BMG lost $57m (£34.5m) in the three months to September 30, with sales down 11% year on year, parent company Sony Corp has announced. Sales and operating revenue at the major were $762m (£461.3m) for the quarter, down from $851m (£515.1m) in the same quarter in 2007. Sony said that the loss reflects the impact of lower revenue and re-structuring costs of $4m (£2.4m)" [Coolfer]
IMEEM DO DEAL WITH BEGGARS
"Music based social networking whatnot Imeem yesterday announced it had entered into a worldwide licensing and marketing partnership with the Beggars Group and Matador Records, which will see the addition of music and video from those labels and all their many imprints onto the Imeem service." [CMUDaily]
EMI MAKES DEAL WITH INMOTION
"EMI Music have cut a deal with InMotion Entertainment, a major US airport based entertainment retailer, to put their content into the company's PlayPoint Media Hotspot kiosks, a touch screen facility used by travellers to download MP3s ahead of boarding their flights. InMotion have a total of forty five of the machines at twenty of the largest US airports. Users need a credit card and their own portable player, of course, to use the download platform, which will retail albums at a cost of $11.99." [CMUDaily]
Music News Bulletin - 03/11/08
Digital sales boost trade delivery figures
"A 45% increase in digital sales has helped slow the decline in the UK music market to just 4% in the first half of the year.
New interim trade delivery figures from the IFPI show that of the top five music territories, the UK was the best performer digitally with sales worth $115.8m (£74.52m) already (they stood at $169.5m [£109.02m] at the end of 2007).
Thus, although physical sales slumped 10% - the UK and US markets combined accounted for a 60% loss of physical sales globally - in the same period, the digital growth prevented a total collapse." [MusicWeek]
Labels and Risk Avoidance
"At Musexpo an A&R panel decried the lack of good albums being brought to market. "We don’t make enough good records," declared Epic Records managing director. Well, if major labels release fewer albums compared to ten years ago -- which is the result of smaller staffs and lower revenues -- it stands to reason there are going to be fewer good albums released." [Coolfer]
Executives discuss industry's A&R failings at Musexpo
"A number of leading A&R men gave the music industry both barrels, as part of the Musexpo Global A&R Forum.
A strong line up of 20 – 20 president Martin Dodd, Wall of Sound founder Mark Jones, Atlantic president Max Lousada, 14th Floor Recordings CEO Christian Tattersfield, Epic Records managing director Nick Raphael and, in his first public appearance in his new role, EMI UK and America president of A&R Nick Gatfield, participated in the debate, which looked at issues such as the attributes they look for in a new artist and the 360 model." [MusicWeek]
Protecting New Releases While Monetizing a Catalog
"More thoughts on the Datz Music Lounge and how labels are now taking a different approach to selling music. Unlike mobile subscriptions that wrap up files in DRM, the Datz service offers one year of unlimited access to unprotected MP3 files for a £99.99." [Coolfer] [Billboard]
"A 45% increase in digital sales has helped slow the decline in the UK music market to just 4% in the first half of the year.
New interim trade delivery figures from the IFPI show that of the top five music territories, the UK was the best performer digitally with sales worth $115.8m (£74.52m) already (they stood at $169.5m [£109.02m] at the end of 2007).
Thus, although physical sales slumped 10% - the UK and US markets combined accounted for a 60% loss of physical sales globally - in the same period, the digital growth prevented a total collapse." [MusicWeek]
Labels and Risk Avoidance
"At Musexpo an A&R panel decried the lack of good albums being brought to market. "We don’t make enough good records," declared Epic Records managing director. Well, if major labels release fewer albums compared to ten years ago -- which is the result of smaller staffs and lower revenues -- it stands to reason there are going to be fewer good albums released." [Coolfer]
Executives discuss industry's A&R failings at Musexpo
"A number of leading A&R men gave the music industry both barrels, as part of the Musexpo Global A&R Forum.
A strong line up of 20 – 20 president Martin Dodd, Wall of Sound founder Mark Jones, Atlantic president Max Lousada, 14th Floor Recordings CEO Christian Tattersfield, Epic Records managing director Nick Raphael and, in his first public appearance in his new role, EMI UK and America president of A&R Nick Gatfield, participated in the debate, which looked at issues such as the attributes they look for in a new artist and the 360 model." [MusicWeek]
Protecting New Releases While Monetizing a Catalog
"More thoughts on the Datz Music Lounge and how labels are now taking a different approach to selling music. Unlike mobile subscriptions that wrap up files in DRM, the Datz service offers one year of unlimited access to unprotected MP3 files for a £99.99." [Coolfer] [Billboard]
EU Public Affairs Monitor - 03/11/08
French internet law clashes with EU position
"The French Senate has overwhelmingly voted in favour of a law that would cut off access to the internet to web surfers who repeatedly download copyrighted music, films or video games without paying.
Under the so-called three strikes or "graduated response" legislation - which still needs approval by the lower house before it becomes French law - illegal downloaders are first sent an email warning them of their infraction. They are subsequently sent a warning letter in the post. French senators want to force web surfers to use legal download services such as iTunes rather than pirate copyrighted content." [EUObserver]
French minister promises action
"Christine Albanel, French Minister of Culture and Communication, has told European indie group Impala that the French government will almost immediately debate a Creation and Internet law proposal to examine how to deal with online piracy.
Albanel told the group, “Of course, there is no secret plan to impose the French anti-piracy plan to the rest of Europe. I simply wish that our experience will prove an inspiration for other European states whose cultural businesses are as threatened as the French ones.” [MusicWeek]
Six Caribbean societies are working together to invigorate their countries’ creativity by stabilising Caribbean music’s place in the global economy
"When the Caribbean Copyright Link (CCL) was incorporated in August 2000, the CCL office consisted of a desk at COTT’s headquarters in Trinidad and one full-time employee. Alone, he managed a common back office for the 4 copyright societies that founded CCL—COSCAP (Barbados), COTT (Trinidad and Tobago), HMS (St Lucia) and JACAP (Jamaica)." [CISAC]
Italian fiscal police prosecute 46 for serious uploading
"Italian fiscal police have prosecuted 46 people for uploading large amounts of copyright infringing music onto the internet. Operation ‘Music Box’ was undertaken by the Guardia di Finanza of Venice, with the assistance of local industry anti-piracy group FPM." [IFPI]
"The French Senate has overwhelmingly voted in favour of a law that would cut off access to the internet to web surfers who repeatedly download copyrighted music, films or video games without paying.
Under the so-called three strikes or "graduated response" legislation - which still needs approval by the lower house before it becomes French law - illegal downloaders are first sent an email warning them of their infraction. They are subsequently sent a warning letter in the post. French senators want to force web surfers to use legal download services such as iTunes rather than pirate copyrighted content." [EUObserver]
French minister promises action
"Christine Albanel, French Minister of Culture and Communication, has told European indie group Impala that the French government will almost immediately debate a Creation and Internet law proposal to examine how to deal with online piracy.
Albanel told the group, “Of course, there is no secret plan to impose the French anti-piracy plan to the rest of Europe. I simply wish that our experience will prove an inspiration for other European states whose cultural businesses are as threatened as the French ones.” [MusicWeek]
Six Caribbean societies are working together to invigorate their countries’ creativity by stabilising Caribbean music’s place in the global economy
"When the Caribbean Copyright Link (CCL) was incorporated in August 2000, the CCL office consisted of a desk at COTT’s headquarters in Trinidad and one full-time employee. Alone, he managed a common back office for the 4 copyright societies that founded CCL—COSCAP (Barbados), COTT (Trinidad and Tobago), HMS (St Lucia) and JACAP (Jamaica)." [CISAC]
Italian fiscal police prosecute 46 for serious uploading
"Italian fiscal police have prosecuted 46 people for uploading large amounts of copyright infringing music onto the internet. Operation ‘Music Box’ was undertaken by the Guardia di Finanza of Venice, with the assistance of local industry anti-piracy group FPM." [IFPI]
EU Events Monitor: 03/11/08
JURI Committee: JURI - Copyright and related rights - 04.11.08
"On 4 November 2008 from 11.00 a.m. to 1.00 p.m., the Committee on Legal Affairs will have a hearing on "Term of protection of copyright and related rights".
At that occasion, Mr Brian Crowley, rapporteur, will present his draft report."
Copyright term gets Brussels hearing
The legal affairs committee of the European Parliament is opening its public hearing on copyright term next Tuesday.
SHARKEY TO ADDRESS ISP CONFERENCE
"UK Music boss Feargal Sharkey will speak at the annual conference of the Internet Service Providers' Association in London next month.
His booking is part of UK Music's attempts to negotiate a truce between the music industry and the internet providers after the former accused the latter of turning a blind eye to online piracy because it helped them flog more broadband subscriptions. As previously reported, negotiations between Sharkey and record label trade body the BPI and six ISPs have already led to a 'memorandum of understanding' between all parties which has seen the net firms send out warning letters to suspected file sharers, and will also see the launch of new licensed music services by the net providers." [CMUDaily]
"On 4 November 2008 from 11.00 a.m. to 1.00 p.m., the Committee on Legal Affairs will have a hearing on "Term of protection of copyright and related rights".
At that occasion, Mr Brian Crowley, rapporteur, will present his draft report."
Copyright term gets Brussels hearing
The legal affairs committee of the European Parliament is opening its public hearing on copyright term next Tuesday.
SHARKEY TO ADDRESS ISP CONFERENCE
"UK Music boss Feargal Sharkey will speak at the annual conference of the Internet Service Providers' Association in London next month.
His booking is part of UK Music's attempts to negotiate a truce between the music industry and the internet providers after the former accused the latter of turning a blind eye to online piracy because it helped them flog more broadband subscriptions. As previously reported, negotiations between Sharkey and record label trade body the BPI and six ISPs have already led to a 'memorandum of understanding' between all parties which has seen the net firms send out warning letters to suspected file sharers, and will also see the launch of new licensed music services by the net providers." [CMUDaily]
EU Events Monitor: 03/11/08
WOMEX: European Commission meets music sector professionals
"The European Commission meets with the music industry at the World Music Expo (WOMEX) in Sevilla, Spain, on 31 October 2008, to discuss modalities to strengthen the capacities of the music sector in developing countries.
The Commission will be exchanging views with music stakeholders on how to work together to strengthen the structures of the music industry in developing countries. There are three main themes:
* investing in culture for development,
* creativity and innovation and
* intercultural dialogue." [Europa]
First European Interactive Heritage Forum on "Heritage and Dialogue"
"The Forum took place in Brussels, on 23-24 October 2008, on the occasion of the 20th Anniversary of the European Heritage Days in Belgium and as a contribution to 2008 – European Year of Intercultural Dialogue.
The first European Heritage Forum, organised within the context of the European Heritage Days – a joint action of the Council of Europe and the European Commission, took place in Brussels, on 23-24 October 2008, on the occasion of the 20th Anniversary of the European Heritage Days in Belgium and as a contribution to 2008 – European Year of Intercultural Dialogue." [Europa]
The Week Ahead: 3 to 9 November 2008
Parliamentary committee meetings - Brussels [Europa]
Culture Committee: Public Hearing:" A Bridge between cultures in the EU regions", 6 November
"Following a state of play and examples of cultural cooperation among regions, experts will debate with Members on how to build bridges of understanding, future challenges and opportunities."
Community participation in the European Audiovisual Observatory
"Ivo BELET (EPP-ED, BE) will present his draft report on Community participation in the European Audiovisual Observatory on 6 November. He will address among others some specific issues on funding, new developments of online services, geographical distribution of publications."
Arab week at the European Parliament 3-7 November
"Europe's relationship with the Arab world will be the focus of attention during "Arab week" at the European Parliament from 3-7 November. A series of debates, exhibitions and even musical performances will take place in Brussels to draw attention to the politics and culture of the Arab world. The week will also see Members of the Human Rights subcommittee and the Foreign Affairs committee discussing human rights and meeting Arab League Secretary General Amr Mussa.
Also present in Arab week will be a group of Iraqi parliamentarians who will be briefing MEPs on the situation in the country and prospects for the future.
Speaking ahead of the event the President of the European Parliament Hans-Gert Pöttering commented that: "The Arab world is not only a close neighbour of Europe but also, through the Arab communities present in the Union's member states, a component of today's European societies."
"The European Commission meets with the music industry at the World Music Expo (WOMEX) in Sevilla, Spain, on 31 October 2008, to discuss modalities to strengthen the capacities of the music sector in developing countries.
The Commission will be exchanging views with music stakeholders on how to work together to strengthen the structures of the music industry in developing countries. There are three main themes:
* investing in culture for development,
* creativity and innovation and
* intercultural dialogue." [Europa]
First European Interactive Heritage Forum on "Heritage and Dialogue"
"The Forum took place in Brussels, on 23-24 October 2008, on the occasion of the 20th Anniversary of the European Heritage Days in Belgium and as a contribution to 2008 – European Year of Intercultural Dialogue.
The first European Heritage Forum, organised within the context of the European Heritage Days – a joint action of the Council of Europe and the European Commission, took place in Brussels, on 23-24 October 2008, on the occasion of the 20th Anniversary of the European Heritage Days in Belgium and as a contribution to 2008 – European Year of Intercultural Dialogue." [Europa]
The Week Ahead: 3 to 9 November 2008
Parliamentary committee meetings - Brussels [Europa]
Culture Committee: Public Hearing:" A Bridge between cultures in the EU regions", 6 November
"Following a state of play and examples of cultural cooperation among regions, experts will debate with Members on how to build bridges of understanding, future challenges and opportunities."
Community participation in the European Audiovisual Observatory
"Ivo BELET (EPP-ED, BE) will present his draft report on Community participation in the European Audiovisual Observatory on 6 November. He will address among others some specific issues on funding, new developments of online services, geographical distribution of publications."
Arab week at the European Parliament 3-7 November
"Europe's relationship with the Arab world will be the focus of attention during "Arab week" at the European Parliament from 3-7 November. A series of debates, exhibitions and even musical performances will take place in Brussels to draw attention to the politics and culture of the Arab world. The week will also see Members of the Human Rights subcommittee and the Foreign Affairs committee discussing human rights and meeting Arab League Secretary General Amr Mussa.
Also present in Arab week will be a group of Iraqi parliamentarians who will be briefing MEPs on the situation in the country and prospects for the future.
Speaking ahead of the event the President of the European Parliament Hans-Gert Pöttering commented that: "The Arab world is not only a close neighbour of Europe but also, through the Arab communities present in the Union's member states, a component of today's European societies."
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